Glass
Table Of Contents
- Solarban® 60 Solar Control Low-E Glass Reliability
- Sungate® 500 Low-E Glass Reliability
- Flat Glass Inspection Criteria per ASTM C 1036 - 06
- Coated Vision Glass Inspection Criteria per ASTM C 1376 – 03
- Laminated Glass Inspection Criteria per ASTM C 1172 – 03
- Heat treated Glass Inspection Criteria per ASTM C 1048 – 04
Solarban® 60 Solar Control Low-E Glass Reliability
Solarban® 60 Solar Control Low-E Glass by PPG was engineered to control solar heat gain, which is essential to minimizing cooling costs. In a standard one-inch insulating glass unit, Solarban 60 glass offers an exterior appearance similar to clear, uncoated glass.
With an excellent Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) of 0.38, Solarban 60 glass blocks 62% of the total solar energy while allowing 70% of the visible light to pass through. This produces an exceptional Light to Solar Gain (LSG) ratio of 1.85, along with excellent insulation performance, as evidenced by its 0.29 winter nighttime U-Value.
Aesthetics Options
In addition to functioning as a clear glass, Solarban 60 glass can also be combined in insulating glass units with an outboard lite of PPG tinted or reflective tinted glass to increase aesthetic and performance options (see performance data on back).
Sustainable Design and Architectural Glass
Sustainable design, green building, safeguarding the environment and the long-term management of energy costs are vital considerations for contemporary building designers. Like other high-performance architectural glasses from PPG, Solarban 60 glass gives architects and building owners a tool to reach their design objectives.
In addition to making products that support sustainable design, PPG also is a pioneer in developing innovative technologies that reduce energy consumption during the glass-making process. PPG promotes environmentally responsible manufacturing by recovering and reusing virtually all of its glass manufacturing byproducts and by shipping its materials on reusable steel racks.
PPG also promotes regional sourcing through its nationwide network of certified glass fabricators and laminators.
With Solarban 60 glass, sustainable design and LEED credit opportunities are provided according to the following criteria:
| Category | LEED | Feature | Benefit |
|---|---|---|---|
| Energy & Atmosphere Energy Performance |
Credit 1 1-2 points |
SHGC: 0.38 U-Value: 0.29 |
Excellent year-round solar control |
| Interior & Environmental Quality Daylight & Views |
Credit 8 1-2 points |
VLT: 70% LSG: 1.85 |
Glare control along with abundant visible light |
Fabrication and Availability
Solarban 60 glass can be heat-strengthened, tempered and laminated and is readily available as a standard product. Like other high-performance PPG architectural glasses, Solarban 60 glass is available through the more than 50 locations of the PPG Certified Fabricator, PPG Certified Commercial Window Fabricator and PPG Certified Laminator Networks. All PPG Certified Partners are equipped to meet tight construction deadlines and can accelerate the delivery of replacement glass during and after construction.
Additional Resources
Solarban 60 glass is just one of the EcoLogical Building Solutions™ from PPG. For more information, or to obtain samples of Solarban 60 glass, call 1-888-PPG-IDEA, or visit www.ppgideascapes.com.
PPG IdeaScapes.™ Integrated products, people and services to inspire your design and color vision.
† Data based on using Starphire glass for both interior and exterior lites.
All performance data calculated using LBNL Window 5.2 software, except European U-Value, which is calculated using WinDat version 3.0.1 software. For detailed information on the methodologies used to calculate the aesthetic and performance values in this table, please visit www.ppgideascapes.com or request our Architectural Glass Catalog.
Sungate® 500 Low-E Glass Reliability
With more than 200 million square feet shipped in the last 10 years, Sungate 500 Low-E Glass is one of the industries most trusted and proven products. And, with the increased emphasis on energy efficiency and green building, the value of this proven technology continues to grow with age.
Aesthetic Options
Sungate 500 coated glass yields the color neutrality of clear uncoated glass, together with dramatically improved performance. When compared with regular clear glass in a one-inch insulating glass unit, Sungate 500 glass produces impressive U-Value improvements of 27% and 36% (winter and summer respectively) while transmitting as much as 94% of visible light.
Sungate ® 500 Low-E Glass Versatility
The key advantage of Sungate 500 glass is its versatility. In situations that would benefit from passive solar energy, the ability of Sungate 500 glass to transmit the warming rays of the sun (as measured by its higher solar heat gain coefficient) can lower heating requirements.
When more stringent solar control measures are required, Sungate 500 Low-E Glass can be teamed with a spectrally selective tint from the Oceans of Color ® collection in a one-inch insulating glass unit. This produces the benefit of high visible light transmittance together with improved solar control and a wide range of aesthetic options.
For example, Sungate ® 500 Azuria™ delivers a Light to Solar Gain (LSG) ratio of 1.70, well above the minimum standard for spectrally selective glass* as defined by the U.S. Department of Energy. Other Sungate 500/Oceans of Color combinations (see performance chart on back) provide a versatile array of aesthetic options with excellent control and Low-E performance.
*The U.S. Department of Energy defines spectrally selective glass as glass with a Light to Solar Gain (LSG) ratio of 1.25 or higher.
Fabrication
Sungate 500 Low-E Glass provides maximum processing flexibility and can be easily laminated, tempered or heat-strengthened to satisfy increased strength or safety glazing requirements. As a pyrolytic or “hard coat,” Sungate 500 glass is durable and readily available from nearly 100 glass fabrication locations throughout the U.S. and Canada.
Additional Resources
Sungate 500 Low-E Glass is just one of the ecoLogical EcoLogical Building Solutions from PPG. For more information, or to obtain samples of Sungate 500 glass, call 1-888-PPG-IDEA, or visit www.ppgglazing.com.
PPG IdeaScapes.™ Integrated products, people and services to inspire your design and color vision.
Performance data calculated using LBL Window 5.2. For detailed information on the methodologies used to calculate the aesthetic and performance values in this table, please visit www.ppgglazing.com or request our Architectural Glass Catalog.
Low E Performance Data Comparison Chart
Notes:
While PPG believes this calculated performance data to be reasonably accurate, it may not precisely agree with similar performance data calculated using the LBL Window 5.2 program. PPG's published data is based on the LBL Window 5.2 program. Information published above is from the Performance Glass Calculator Calculated Center-of-Glass Thermal and Optical Properties Based on NFRC 100-2001 Environmental Design Conditions.
All calculations have been calculated using 1/2" spacer cavities.
Low E Coatings - All low e that are placed on outer lite the low e coating is on surface #2. Low e product placed on the inner lite of glass is on surface #3 in the case of duals and Surface #5 in the case of triple units.
Argon is calculated based on a 90% argon and 10 % air mixture.
Performance values subject to change.
Glossary:
Shading Coefficient - A measure of the ability of a window or skylight to transmit solar heat, relative to that ability for 3 mm (1/8-inch) clear, doublestrength, single glass. Shading coefficient is being phased out in favor of the solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC), and is approximately equal to the SHGC multiplied by 1.15. The shading coefficient is expressed as a number without units between 0 and 1. The lower a window's solar heat gain coefficient or shading coefficient, the less solar heat it transmits, and the greater is its shading ability.
Relative Heat Gain is the combination of solar heat gain (the transmitted energy plus that amount of absorbed energy that is radiated to the interior) and heat transfer due to the indoor/outdoor temperature differential.
R-value is an assigned number derived from a specific testing procedure to determine a materials (or building assemblage) "resistance to conductive heat transfer". The higher the R-value, the more resistant a material (or building assemblage) is to conductive heat transfer.
Download Low E Performance Chart - 
Flat Glass Inspection Criteria per ASTM C 1036 – 06
Terminology:
crush - lightly pitted condition with a dull grey appearance.
dig – deep, short scratch.
dirt - small particle of foreign matter embedded in the surface of flat glass.
gaseous inclusion - round or elongated bubble in the glass.
linear blemish - scratches, rubs, digs, and other similar imperfections.
point blemish - crush, knots, dirt, stones, gaseous inclusions, and other similar imperfections
rub - abrasion of a glass surface producing a frosted appearance.
scratch - damage on a glass surface in the form of a line caused by the movement of an object across and in contact with glass surface.
Inspection:
Visual Inspection should be done with the naked eye.
The inspector shall place the glass in a vertical position.
Inspector shall view through the glass at an angle of 90’
Lighting should be daylight level (without direct sunlight)
or other uniform backlight that stimulates daylight.
View at the distance specified by defect type.
Quality Criteria:
Allowable Point Blemish, (viewing distance 39”)
Blemish size <1.2mm (0.05”) allowed without restriction.
Blemish size >1.2mm (0.05”) <2.0mm (0.10”) allowed with a minimum separation of 600mm (24”).
Blemish size >2.0mm (0.10”) none allowed.
To determine point blemish size, measure height and width of blemish and average. Only the point blemish is to be measured, and not any distortion that may be present.
Allowable Linear Blemish, (viewing distance starting at 160”)
Faint or light scratch <75mm (3”) allowed
Medium Scratch <75 (3”) allowed with a minimum separation of 600mm (24”)
Medium or heavy scratch >75mm (3”) are not allowed
To determine scratch intensity start at 160” and move closer until scratch becomes visible, (refer to table)
| Detection Distance | Blemish Intensity |
|---|---|
| Over 3.3 m (132 in.) | Heavy |
| 3.3 to 1.01 m (132 to 40 in.) | Medium |
| 1 to 0.2 m (39 to 8 in.) | Light |
| Less than 0.2 m (8 in.) | Faint |
All listed criteria are based on ASTM C 1036 – 06, Quality Level 3.
Coated Vision Glass Inspection Criteria per ASTM C 1376 – 03
Terminology:
coating rub – a surface abrasion of appreciable width that has partial, or complete, removal of the coating producing a hazy appearance.
coating scratch – partial, or complete, removal of the coating along a thin straight or curved line.
corrosion – change in the colour or level of reflected or transmitted light over all or part of the glass surface as a result of degradation of the coating from external sources.
crazing – a random conglomeration of fine lines or crack in the coating
mark/containment – a deposit of foreign material on the glass surface
pinhole – small area in which the coating is entirely or partially absent
Inspection:
Visual inspection should be done with the naked eye.
The inspector shall place the glass in a vertical position with light in transmission.
Inspector shall view through the glass at an angle of 90’ from a distance of 10 ft.
Lighting should be daylight level (without direct sunlight), or other uniform backlight that simulates daylight.
If a defect is readily apparent under these conditions apply the following criteria.
| Blemish | Central Area in (mm)D | Outer Area in (mm)D |
|---|---|---|
| Pinhole | 1/16 (1.6) | 3/32 (2.4) |
| Spot | 1/16 (1.6) | 3/32 (2.4) |
| Coating scratch | 2 (50 max) length | 3 (75 max) length |
| Mark/contaminate | 2 (50) max length | 3 (75) max length |
| Coating Rub | none allowed | Length plus width not to exceed 2/4 (19) |
| Crazing | none allowed | none allowed |
| Corrosion | none allowed | none allowed |
The central area is considered to form a square or rectangle defined by the centre 80% of the length and 80% of the width dimensions centered on a lite of glass. The remaining area is considered the outer area.
All listed criteria are based on ASTM C 1376 – 03, specifications for cut size vision glass
Laminated Glass Inspection Criteria per ASTM C 1172 – 03
Terminology:
blow-in – a separation of glass and interlayer at or close to the laminate edge caused by penetration of the autoclaving medium into the edge during manufacturing.
boil (bubble) – a gas pocket in the interlayer material of between the glass and interlayer.
covered edge – the perimetric area of the laminate covered by the channel or sash when installed.
delamination – a condition in which one or two of the lites of glass loses the bond between the glass lite and the interlayer.
discolouration – a visibly noticeable colour change (from original) in the appearance of a material
edge boil – see boil (bubble).
exposed edge – the perimetric area of the laminate exposed to the environment after installation.
fuse – a glass particle or crystalline material that is permanently bonded to a surface of a lite.
hair – a slender, pigmented filament from human or animal epidermis or other thread-like filament.
inside dirt – foreign material trapped inside the laminate.
lint – short fibers of yarn or fabric trapped within the laminate.
scuff – see streak.
separation – an area of the laminate that has become delaminated (see delamination).
short interlayer – a condition of the laminate in which the interlayer does not extend to the edge.
streak – a noticeably visible deviation on or in the laminating unit.
Inspection:
For inspection of individual glass lites refer to ASTM C 1036 – 06
Coating related defects should be evaluated per ASTM C 1376-06
Visual inspection should be done with the naked eye.
The inspector shall place he glass in a vertical position
Inspector shall view through the glass at an angle of 90'
Lighting should be daylight level (without direct sunlight)
or other uniform backlight that stimulates daylight.
Quality Criteria:
1. Determine approximate lite surface area (ft2).
2. Determine defect location – central or outer viewing area. (The central area is considered to form a square or rectangle defined by the centre 80% of the length and 80% of the width dimensions centered on a lite of glass. The remaining area is considered the outer area).
3. Evaluate defect according to the following table.
| Blemish | Up to 25 ft2 (2.5m2) | 25 to 75 ft2 (2.5 to 7.0m2) | Over 75 ft2 (7.0m2) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CentralA | OuterA | CentralA | OuterA | CentralA | OuterA | |
| Boil (Bubbles) | 1/16 (1.6) | 3/32 (2.4) | 1/8 (3.2) | 3/16 (4.8) | 3/4 (6.4) | 3/4 (6.4) |
| Fuse | 1/32 (0.8) | 1/16 (1.6) | 1/16 (1.6) | 2/32 (2.4) | 3/32 (2.4) | 5/32 (4.0) |
| Hair, lint (single strand) | light intensityD | medium intensityD | light intensityD | medium intensityD | medium intensityD | medium intensityD |
| Inside dirt (dirt spot) | 1/16 (1.6) | 3/32 (2.4) | 3/32 (2.4) | 5/32 (4.0) | 1/8 (3.2) | 3/16 (4.8) |
| Lint areas of concentrated lint | light intensityD | light intensityD | light intensityD | light intensityD | light intensityD | light intensityD |
| Separation, discolouration | none | none | none | none | none | none |
| Short interlater: unlaminated area chip | B | CE 1/4 (6.4) EE 1/4 (1.6)D |
B | CE 1/4 (6.4) EE 3/32 (2.4)D |
B | CE 1/4 (6.4) EE 1/8(3.2)D |
| Scuff streak | Light intensityD | Light intensityD | Light intensityD | Light intensityD | Light intensityD | Light intensityD |
CE = covered edge of glass edge bite and EE = exposed edge. (If CE or EE is unknown use CE tolerance)
To establish light and medium intensity for a specific defect, view starting at 11 ft moving forward down to 36”.
Light intensity – Barely noticeable at 36”
Medium Intensity – Noticeable at 36” but not 11 ft.
All listed criteria are based on ASTM 1172 – 03
Heat treated Glass Inspection Criteria per ASTM C 1048 – 04Terminology:
bow/wrap – Curvature across the entire dimension(s) of the lite.
crush – lightly pitted condition with a dull gray appearance.
dig – deep, short scratch.
dirt – small particle of foreign matter embedded in the surface of flat glass.
distortion – Thermally tempered and heat-strengthened glass is made by heating glass in a furnace, the original flatness of the glass us slightly modified by the heat treatment, causing reflected images to be distorted.
gaseous inclusion – round or elongated bubble in the glass.
linear blemish – scratches, rubs, digs and other similar imperfections.
point blemish – crush, knots, dirt, stones, gaseous inclusions, and other similar imperfections.
rub – abrasion of a glass surface producing a frosted appearance
scratch – damage on a glass surface in the form of a line caused by the movement of an object across and in contact with the glass surface.
strain pattern – In heat-strengthened and fully tempered glass, a strain pattern, which is not normally visible, may become visible under certain light conditions.
Inspection:
Linear and point blemishes in glass should be evaluated per ASTM C 1036 – 06.
Coating related defects should be evaluated per ASTM C 1376 – 03.
Strain pattern, this is considered a normal part of the heat treating process and is not considered a defect.
Distortion, at this time no industry quality standards exist.
Bow and warp, see below.
Quality Criteria:
Maximum Allowed Bow and Warp
Vertical Method:
Place Glass in a vertical position with glass resting on blocks.
Place a straight edge across the concave surface.
Measure widest gap with a fine scale ruler.
Refer to table for to determine maximum allowable bow/warp.
| Table: Maximum Allowed Bow and Warp | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Edge Dimension, cm (in.) | ||||||||||||
| 0-50 | >50-90 | >90-120 | >120-150 | >150-180 | >180-210 | >210-240 | >240-270 | >270-300 | >300-330 | >330-370 | >370-400 | |
| (0-20) | (>20-35) | (>35-47) | (>47-59) | (>59-71) | (>71-83) | (>83-94) | (>94-106) | (>106-118) | (>118-130) | (>130-146) | (>146-159) | |
| Glass Thickness | Maximum Bow and Warp, mm (in.) | |||||||||||
| 3 (1/4) | 3.0 (0.12) | 4.0 (0.16) | 5.0 (0.20) | 7.0 (0.28) | 9.0 (0.35) | 12.0 (0.47) | 14.0 (0.55) | 17.0 (0.67) | 19.0 (0.75) | --- | --- | --- |
| 3 (1/8) Alternate Mathod4 | 2.0 (0.08) | 2.0 (0.08) | 2.0 (0.08) | 3.0 (0.12) | 5.0 (0.20) | 6.0 (0.24) | 7.0 (0.28) | 8.0 (0.31) | 10.0 (0.39) | --- | --- | --- |
| 4 (5/32) | 3.0 (0.12) | 4.0 (0.16) | 5.0 (0.20) | 7.0 (0.28) | 9.0 (0.35) | 12.0 (0.47) | 14.0 (0.55) | 17.0 (0.67) | 19.0 (0.75) | --- | --- | --- |
| 5 (3/16) | 3.0 (0.12) | 4.0 (0.16) | 5.0 (0.20) | 7.0 (0.28) | 9.0 (0.35) | 12.0 (0.47) | 14.0 (0.55) | 17.0 (0.67) | 19.0 (0.75) | --- | --- | --- |
| 6 (1/4) | 2.0 (0.08) | 3.0 (0.12) | 4.0 (0.16) | 5.0 (0.20) | 7.0 (0.28) | 9.0 (0.35) | 12.0 (0.47) | 14.0 (0.55) | 17.0 (0.67) | 19.0 (0.75) | 21.0 (0.93) | 24.0 (0.94) |
| 8 (8/16) | 2.0 (0.08) | 2.0 (0.08) | 3.0 (0.12) | 4.0 (0.16) | 5.0 (0.20) | 6.0 (0.24) | 8.0 (0.31) | 10.0 (0.39) | 13.0 (0.51) | 15.0 (0.59) | 18.0 (0.71) | 20.0 (0.79) |
| 10 (3/8) | 2.0 (0.08) | 2.0 (0.08) | 2.0 (0.08) | 4.0 (0.16) | 5.0 (0.20) | 6.0 (0.24) | 7.0 (0.28) | 9.0 (0.35) | 12.0 (0.47) | 14.0 (0.55) | 17.0 (0.67) | 19.0 (0.75) |
| 12-22 (1/12 – 7/8) | 1.0 (0.04) | 2.0 (0.08) | 2.0 (0.08) | 2.0 (0.08) | 4.0 (0.16) | 5.0 (0.20) | 5.0 (0.20) | 7.0 (0.28) | 10.0 (0.39) | 12.0 (0.47) | 14.0 (0.55) | 17.0 (0.67) |
All listed criteria are based on ASTM C 1048 - 04